Production of Radioactive Ion Beams  (RIB):

• Fragmentation  in-flight of heavy relativistic projectiles 
  • secondary beams of  about 100 MeV/u (v≈0,5c),
  • some exotic nuclides with  T_1/2 > 100ns,
  • GANIL, GSI, RIKEN, MSU  

• ISOL (ion-source-on-line)

• Separation and reacceleration of radioactive nuclides produced in fission of heavy elements (U) induced by intense light beams (p,d) 

  • monochromatic, high intensity beams of some long-lived radioactive nuclides with  T_1/2 ≈ ms-s,
  • energies of a few MeV/u, 
  • GANIL-SPIRAL, LNL-SPES, CERN, TRIUMF.

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• Chart of Radioactive Ion Beams in Europe- CRIBE
  • ​​collaboration between  IFJ PAN with GANIL, ISOLDE (CERN), SPES (LNL)